Principles of Neuropsychology, 2nd Edition Eric A. Zillmer; Mary V. Spiers; William Culbertson test bank
1. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #1 (1.0 point)
Lashley emphasized the ____________________ of brain tissue such that each part of the brain participated in more than one function.
Correct Answer(s):
a. multipotentiality
2. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #2 (1.0 point)
A strict split between mental processes and physical abilities with mental processes being localized in the pineal gland was proposed by ____________________ in the 17th century.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Rene Descartes
3. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #3 (1.0 point)
The first neuropsychology laboratory was founded by ____________________ at the University of Chicago.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Ward Halstead
4. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #4 (1.0 point)
Pierre Marie challenged Broca's findings after he examined "Tan's" brain and found ____________________ damage.
Correct Answer(s):
a. widespread
5. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #5 (1.0 point)
Gall's theory attempted to describe differences in personality traits by measuring the size of ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. individual brain areas
6. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #6 (1.0 point)
____________________ pioneered the anatomical theater, a sort of performance dissection.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Vesalius
7. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #7 (1.0 point)
Walter Freeman was instrumental in the proliferation of the surgical technique known as ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. lobotomies
8. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #8 (1.0 point)
A(n) ____________________ is a researcher who studies the molecular nature of the nervous system.
Correct Answer(s):
a. neuroscientist
9. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #9 (1.0 point)
Brain cells are also termed ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. neurons
10. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question CO #10 (1.0 point)
A psychologist who studies the relationship between brain functions and behavior is better known as a(n) ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. neuropsychologist
11. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #1 (1.0 point)
Neuropsychology can be defined as the study of brain/behavior relationships.
*a. True
b. False
12. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #2 (1.0 point)
Trephination may have been performed in ancient times as a magical form of healing.
*a. True
b. False
13. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #3 (1.0 point)
The first scientific case report that supported the localizationist perspective was presented by Franz Gall.
a. True
*b. False
14. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #4 (1.0 point)
The "Organ of the Soul" is connected to your inner ear.
a. True
*b. False
15. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #5 (1.0 point)
Broca's landmark contribution to science was his work understanding the origins of anosognosia.
a. True
*b. False
16. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #6 (1.0 point)
Anatomical theater is where actors portray various functions of the central nervous system.
a. True
*b. False
17. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #7 (1.0 point)
Wernicke localized comprehension of speech to the temporal lobe.
*a. True
b. False
18. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #8 (1.0 point)
Hippocrates recognized that epilepsy was a medical problem.
*a. True
b. False
19. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #9 (1.0 point)
Leonardo da Vinci originally made a precise sketch of the cerebral ventricles, which has uncanny similarity to photographs of the modern age.
a. True
*b. False
20. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question TF #10 (1.0 point)
According to Galen, the four humors were: blood, black bile, yellow bile and saliva.
*a. True
b. False
21. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #1 (1.0 point)
The foundation of modern neuropsychology was heavily influenced by all of the following fields except:
*a. applied psychological evaluation.
b. behavioral neurology.
c. behavioral neuroscience.
d. psychiatry.
22. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #2 (1.0 point)
The early history of neuropsychology was shaped by which two principles?
a. materialism and phrenology
b. localization and equipotentiation
*c. vitalism and materialism
d. holism and vitalism
23. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #3 (1.0 point)
The ventricular localization hypothesis:
*a. suggested that the ventricles represent the location of spiritual and mental events.
b. was originally put forth by Leonardo da Vinci.
c. suggested that cerebrospinal fluid is produced primarily in the lateral ventricles.
d. was an accurate representation of ventricular functioning that later became known as the cell doctrine.
24. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #4 (1.0 point)
Much of Jackson's alternative theory of brain function stemmed from his work with which neurological disorder?
a. multiple sclerosis
*b. epilepsy
c. Alzheimer's disease
d. Parkinson's disease
25. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #5 (1.0 point)
The third unit of Luria's model described the ____, which is/are involved in planning and executing behavior.
a. brain stem
b. limbic system
*c. frontal and prefrontal lobes
d. hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus
26. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #6 (1.0 point)
The concept that any given area of the brain can be involved in relatively few or relatively many behaviors is known as:
a. equipotentiality.
b. localization.
*c. pluripotentiality.
d. parallel distributed processing.
27. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #7 (1.0 point)
The first awareness of specific brain-behavior relationships surfaced with the:
a. German philosophers.
b. localizationists.
c. Ancient Peruvian surgeons.
*d. Classical Greek philosophers.
28. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #8 (1.0 point)
Who was the first person to realize that the brain served lateralizing functions?
*a. Hippocrates
b. Andreas Vesalius
c. George Washington
d. Aristotle
29. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #9 (1.0 point)
According to Rene Descartes, mental processes originated from the:
*a. pineal gland.
b. cerebral ventricles.
c. heart.
d. pituitary gland.
30. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #10 (1.0 point)
Franz Gall formulated the basis of what theory?
a. pluripotentiality
b. equipotentiatility
c. objective neuropsychological measurement
*d. localization
31. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #11 (1.0 point)
Following Spurzheim's lectures in the nineteenth century, phrenology in the United States was:
a. immediately detected as a farce.
b. of little interest to American scientists.
*c. popular.
d. Phrenology was never introduced to the United States.
32. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #12 (1.0 point)
Paul Broca is most famous for:
*a. localizing expressive speech.
b. localizing receptive speech.
c. determining a circuit for all aspects of speech.
d. discovering a new neuroanatomical structure.
33. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #13 (1.0 point)
Prior to developing his theory of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud was:
a. a neuroscientist.
b. a shoe salesman.
c. a psychologist.
*d. a neurologist.
34. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #14 (1.0 point)
Pierre Flourens utilized ____ as a method of investigation into brain function.
a. the case study
b. the lobotomy
c. electroconvulsive shock
*d. the ablation experiment
35. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #15 (1.0 point)
Karl Lashley believed that:
*a. each part of the brain has more than one function.
b. each part of the brain has exactly three functions.
c. each part of the brain has one function.
d. over half of neuroanatomical structures have no functions.
36. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #16 (1.0 point)
Alexander Luria developed a theory of three functional units, composed of:
a. the brain stem, spinal cord, and frontal lobes.
*b. the brain stem, posterior areas of the cortex, and frontal lobes.
c. the spinal cord, frontal lobes, and corpus striatum.
d. the frontal lobes, prefrontal lobes, and Broca's area.
37. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #17 (1.0 point)
Alexander Luria's work supports the theory of:
a. localization.
b. equipotentiality.
*c. pluripotentiality.
d. materialism.
38. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #18 (1.0 point)
According to Alexander Luria, following brain trauma, what is likely to occur?
a. Neurons will continue to die and the individual will become more impaired.
*b. An alternative functional system may be able to compensate for some or all of the impairment.
c. The entire functional system, which included the damaged tissue, will fail.
d. New neurons will grow.
39. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #19 (1.0 point)
Ward Halstead is attributed with:
a. founding the first neuropsychology laboratory.
b. development of an objective means of assessing brain function.
c. development of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery.
*d. all of these
40. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question MC #20 (1.0 point)
The last three decades have been characterized by what developments in the field of neuropsychology?
a. formation of professional organizations for neuropsychologists
b. founding of many different journals in the field of neuropsychology
c. increase in the recognition of neuropsychology as a field of psychology
*d. all of these
41. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question SA #1 (1.0 point)
What is trephination and how does it relate to current medical practices?
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
42. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question SA #2 (1.0 point)
Discuss the contributions of Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke to neuropsychology.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
43. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question SA #3 (1.0 point)
Discuss the pros and cons for localization and equipotentiality theories.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
44. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question SA #4 (1.0 point)
What was Alexander Luria's contribution to neuropsychology?
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
45. Chapter 1—A History of Neuropsychology Question SA #5 (1.0 point)
Argue against the statement that humans only use 10% of their brains, integrating theories from Chapter 1.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
46. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #1 (1.0 point)
____________________ staining would selectively dye white matter black.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Myelin
47. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #2 (1.0 point)
The ____________________ stain colors the cell body of the neuron.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Nissl
48. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #3 (1.0 point)
____________________ allows for the mapping of neuronal pathways using an axonal transport mechanisms.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Horseradish peroxidase
49. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #4 (1.0 point)
For an air encephalogram, gas fills the ____________________ before a standard X-ray of the brain is taken.
Correct Answer(s):
a. ventricular system
50. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #5 (1.0 point)
To diagnose structural abnormalities in blood vessels or in their arrangement, a physician might request a(n) ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. angiography
51. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #6 (1.0 point)
____________________ rhythms are the fastest and are often associated with peak performance states and hyper-arousal.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Gamma
52. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #7 (1.0 point)
____________________ activity (8 to 12 Hz) is the predominant background activity in wakeful person.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Alpha
53. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #8 (1.0 point)
____________________ involves the measurement of changes in the magnetic field that are generated by the underlying electrical activity of active neurons.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Magnetoencephalography
54. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #9 (1.0 point)
____________________ is a medical technique to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal cord for diagnostic study.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Lumbar puncture
55. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #10 (1.0 point)
The ____________________ can diagnose a malfunction of the auditory nerve at the inferior colliculus.
Correct Answer(s):
a. brainstem auditory-evoked response
56. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #11 (1.0 point)
The ____________________ is often used in imaging studies to isolate characteristics of the brain that are relevant during a specific neuropsychological task.
Correct Answer(s):
a. subtraction technique
57. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #12 (1.0 point)
____________________ assesses the electrical activity of a specific sensory process.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Evoked potential
58. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #13 (1.0 point)
____________________ is used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Electromyography
59. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question CO #14 (1.0 point)
A type of EEG in which electrodes are placed directly on the surface of the brain is called a(n) ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. electrocorticogram
60. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #1 (1.0 point)
An EEG can record the neuronal activity of deeper subcortical structures just as well as that of cortical structures.
a. True
*b. False
61. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #2 (1.0 point)
Data from a CT scan can be viewed in any orientation (i.e., sagittal, horizontal, or coronal).
*a. True
b. False
62. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #3 (1.0 point)
The MEG is a recording of the weak magnetic currents generated by the brain.
*a. True
b. False
63. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #4 (1.0 point)
The cerebral magnetic field used for a MEG induces a small current in magnetic detection coils which in turn excite special devices called SQUIDS.
*a. True
b. False
64. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #5 (1.0 point)
In contrast to the CT scan, the MRI scan passes an x-ray beam through the head and creates an index of tissue density.
a. True
*b. False
65. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #6 (1.0 point)
EMG is an electrical analysis of muscles, a useful diagnostic procedure to aid in the diagnosis of central nerve damage.
a. True
*b. False
66. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #7 (1.0 point)
Unlike CT images, in which the appearance is related primarily to the electron density of the material, MR images depend on many variables, including proton density and T1 and T2 relaxation effects.
*a. True
b. False
67. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #8 (1.0 point)
One advantage of PET is that it is inexpensive.
a. True
*b. False
68. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #9 (1.0 point)
Golgi used silver chromate to stain dead neurons.
*a. True
b. False
69. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #10 (1.0 point)
MEG is routinely used in clinical settings.
a. True
*b. False
70. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #11 (1.0 point)
The lumbar puncture is done in order to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid.
*a. True
b. False
71. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #12 (1.0 point)
PET uses a radioactive tracer to detect glucose and oxygen metabolism, as well as cerebral blood flow.
*a. True
b. False
72. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question TF #13 (1.0 point)
MR image analysis and quantification can create a three dimensional picture of the head, entire brain, or individual brain structures.
*a. True
b. False
73. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #1 (1.0 point)
An enhanced CT scan involves:
a. an injection of sodium amobarbital.
b. oral consumption of an ionized mixture.
*c. an injection of an iodinated contrast agent.
d. none of these.
74. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #2 (1.0 point)
Digital subtraction angiography is effective for:
a. identifying atrophy of the ventricular system.
*b. enhancing visualization of blood vessels.
c. enhancing visualization of gyri.
d. discriminating hypodensity and hyperdensity of tissue.
75. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #3 (1.0 point)
To record an EEG, leads are placed on the scalp and connected to an:
a. electrocardiograph.
b. electromegagraph.
*c. electroencephalograph.
d. electromyography.
76. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #4 (1.0 point)
The primary health concern associated with the Computed Transaxial Tomography scan is that:
a. it does not provide as much spatial resolution as the MRI.
*b. it requires penetrating radiation.
c. it requires the use of a contrast agent.
d. acute headaches are commonly reported.
77. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #5 (1.0 point)
Femorocerebral angiography involves catheterization of the:
a. brachial artery.
b. carotid artery.
*c. femoral artery.
d. vertebral arteries.
78. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #6 (1.0 point)
The Wada technique involves:
*a. the injection of a barbiturate to anesthetize one hemisphere.
b. scalp recording of alpha, beta, and theta waves.
c. the injection of an iodine agent to visualize the activity of one hemisphere.
d. injection of oxygenated air for visualization of the ventricles.
79. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #7 (1.0 point)
The skull x-ray:
*a. obtains a two-dimensional representation of the head.
b. is a very sensitive technique for brain imaging.
c. obtains a three-dimensional representation of the head.
d. requires a contrast agent.
80. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #8 (1.0 point)
The air encephalogram is also called:
a. the Wada technique.
b. intravenous angiography.
*c. pneumoencephalography.
d. evoked potential.
81. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #9 (1.0 point)
The EEG is mostly a measure of:
a. subcortical neuronal firing.
b. muscular feedback.
*c. cortical neuronal firing.
d. skin responses to pressure.
82. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #10 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is not an invasive procedure?
a. Wada technique
b. air encephalogram
c. angiography
*d. computed transaxial tomography
83. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #11 (1.0 point)
Gamma activity:
a. is a low amplitude slow activity wave.
*b. is a low-amplitude fast-activity wave.
c. has the slowest rhythm rate.
d. is associated with hypoarousal.
84. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #12 (1.0 point)
Alpha activity is:
*a. the predominant background activity in an awake person.
b. 18 to 35 hertz.
c. associated with peak performance and hyperarousal.
d. associated with Stage 4 sleep.
85. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #13 (1.0 point)
Theta waves are:
a. associated with being at rest with eyes open.
*b. indicative of drowsiness and being inwardly focused.
c. indicative of brain death.
d. ranges of .05 to 4 hertz.
86. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #14 (1.0 point)
One of the fundamental ways neurons organize their rate of electrical activity is:
a. by desynchronizing their neuronal firings.
b. by emitting gamma-amino butyric acid.
*c. by synchronizing their oscillations.
d. by taking cues from the thalamus.
87. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #15 (1.0 point)
BEAM stands for:
*a. brain electrical activity mapping.
b. brain electrical availability mapping.
c. brainstem evoked auditory mapping.
d. brain electrical activity mode.
88. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #16 (1.0 point)
PET scans allow us to examine:
a. the structure of brain tissue.
*b. both pattern of brain biochemistry and brain metabolism.
c. pattern of brain biochemistry.
d. pattern of brain metabolism.
89. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #17 (1.0 point)
BEAM provides:
a. color-coded mapping of the brain's metabolic activity in real time.
b. topographic displays showing neuroelectric activity.
c. activity in real time at the subcortical level.
*d. a way to enhance the amount of information available on a standard EEG.
90. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #18 (1.0 point)
In comparison to traditional EEG, the BEAM system has been shown to:
*a. be more sensitive to electrical correlates of cognitive tasks.
b. be more sensitive to electrical correlates of sensory and motor tasks.
c. be less expensive.
d. be useful for identifying what the person is thinking.
91. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #19 (1.0 point)
An evoked potential is:
a. analyzed according to the wavelength of signal.
*b. useful for displaying electrical activity of the brain in response to a stimulus.
c. analyzed according to the colors that appear on a map of the brain.
d. different from an event-related potential.
92. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #20 (1.0 point)
An evoked potential:
a. is also called an event-related potential.
b. indirectly generates electrical activity along the central and peripheral pathways in the brain.
c. involves the stimulation of specific sensory fibers.
*d. all of the these
93. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #21 (1.0 point)
With auditory evoked potential:
a. auditory clicks are presented to each ear via headphones.
b. it is possible to diagnose a lesion in the inferior colliculus.
c. the auditory pathways generate an electrical signal along the central auditory pathways.
*d. all of these
94. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #22 (1.0 point)
In visual evoked responses (VER), electrodes are placed over:
a. the temporal region.
b. occipital region.
c. frontal region.
*d. both the parietal and occipital regions.
95. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #23 (1.0 point)
SER is:
a. an abbreviation for Somatosensory Evoked Response.
b. obtained by stimulating the median nerve at the wrist.
c. useful for measuring abnormalities of the PNS.
*d. all of these
96. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #24 (1.0 point)
To identify a neuromuscular disorder or peripheral nerve damage, a physician would most likely request a(n):
a. electroencephalography.
b. BAER.
*c. electromyography.
d. CT scan.
97. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #25 (1.0 point)
In contrast to SPECT, PET:
a. uses a tracer with a very short half-life.
b. requires an expensive cyclotron.
c. allows one to examine both regional cerebral glucose utilization and oxygen metabolism.
*d. all of these
98. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #26 (1.0 point)
Because the radioisotope used in a PET scan is short-lived, the amount of radiation exposure the patient receives is:
*a. equal to two chest X-rays.
b. equal to a SPECT scan.
c. equal to that of an MRI scan.
d. equal to that emitted by BAER.
99. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #27 (1.0 point)
Magnetism is a property of matter that is a result of:
a. orbiting protons.
*b. orbiting electrons.
c. orbiting nuclei.
d. orbiting neutrons.
100. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #28 (1.0 point)
The principle of the MRI is that the hydrogen atom:
a. resonates due to radio waves.
*b. resonates due to radio waves and a magnetic field.
c. resonates due to a magnetic field.
d. resonates due to chemical interference.
101. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #29 (1.0 point)
For identifying tumors or subcortical alterations, it is most advantageous to use the:
a. CT scan.
b. EEG.
*c. MRI scan.
d. BAER.
102. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #30 (1.0 point)
To determine which parts of the brain are activated by different types of physical sensation or activity, such as sight, sound or movement of a subject's finger, an experimenter would most likely use:
a. functional MRI scan (fMRI).
b. a PET scan.
c. an MRI.
*d. both an fMRI and PET scan.
103. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #31 (1.0 point)
The advantage of fMRI over SPECT, PET, and CT is:
a. it is less expensive.
*b. there is no radiation exposure.
c. it is more useful as an experimental or research tool.
d. it is easier to read and interpret.
104. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #32 (1.0 point)
MEG stands for:
a. magnetic electronic gravitron.
*b. magnetoencephalogram.
c. magnetic electrical generator.
d. magnetoelectrocardiogram.
105. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #33 (1.0 point)
Utilization of a MEG is expensive because it requires:
*a. liquid helium to keep the system at a low temperature.
b. liquid nitrogen to keep the system at a low temperature.
c. the use of a radioactive isotope.
d. the use of an iodine tracer.
106. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #34 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders?
*a. electromyography.
b. evoked potential.
c. electroencephalogram.
d. brain electrical activity mapping.
107. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #35 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is true of single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)?
a. SPECT is more expensive than positron emission tomography (PET).
b. SPECT provides a two-dimensional representation.
c. The SPECT tracer clears from the brain in approximately 15 minutes.
*d. SPECT can be used to study subjects while they are performing neuropsychological tasks.
108. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #36 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is tested by a neurologist during a neurological examination?
a. cranial nerve functioning
b. rudimentary language functions
c. muscle tone
*d. all of these
109. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #37 (1.0 point)
The combined use of MRI and functional MRI (fMRI) can be used to:
*a. superimpose information regarding brain activity over corresponding brain structures.
b. treat brain tumors by applying more accurate radioactive treatment.
c. provide a three-dimensional picture of the magnetic field of the brain.
d. measure electrical activity of the brain.
110. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #38 (1.0 point)
The lumbar puncture takes a sample of:
a. neural tissue from the cortex.
*b. cerebrospinal fluid.
c. myelinated axons.
d. the spinal cord.
111. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #39 (1.0 point)
A budding neuropsychologist needs to understand:
a. current neuroimaging technology.
b. neurological disorders and their associated cognitive deficits.
c. the social impact any given neurological condition may have on a patient.
*d. all of these
112. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question MC #40 (1.0 point)
What method allows for the visualization of a lesion from any angle or perspective?
a. angiography
b. CT
c. brainstem auditory-evoked response
*d. image analysis and quantification
113. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question SA #1 (1.0 point)
List the advantages and disadvantages of computerized tomography.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
114. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question SA #2 (1.0 point)
Describe the mechanism of action for functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
115. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question SA #3 (1.0 point)
Describe the clinical utility of single photon emissions tomography.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
116. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question SA #4 (1.0 point)
Compare and contrast the mechanism of action and advantages/disadvantages of SPECT and PET.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
117. Chapter 2—Methods of Investigating the Brain Question SA #5 (1.0 point)
List and describe the brain waves associated with EEG.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
118. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question C (1.0 point)
Neuropsychological evaluations involve tests that measure a wide range of ____________________ and behavioral areas of functioning.
Correct Answer(s):
a. cognitive
119. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 2 (1.0 point)
____________________ predictive validity is important if a test is designed to predict decline or recovery of function or future behavior of any type (e.g., medication management, or ability to drive a car).
Correct Answer(s):
a. Criterion-related
120. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 3 (1.0 point)
____________________ recognition is the patient's ability to recognize a familiar face, as well as to compare similar faces and identify facial affect.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Facial
121. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 4 (1.0 point)
____________________ is the science of measuring human traits or abilities, and is concerned with the standardization of psychological as well as neuropsychological tests.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Psychometrics
122. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 5 (1.0 point)
A(n) ____________________ is a task or set of tasks administered under standard conditions and designed to assess some aspect of a person's knowledge or skill.
Correct Answer(s):
a. standardized test
123. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 6 (1.0 point)
If a test score is stable then it is described as being ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. reliable
124. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 7 (1.0 point)
____________________ scales examine what an individual usually and habitually does, not what he or she can do.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Behavioral-adaptive
125. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 8 (1.0 point)
____________________ tests measure how well a subject has profited by learning and experience as compared to others.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Achievement
126. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question 9 (1.0 point)
____________________ tests measure the emotional states, interpersonal relations, and motivation of patients.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Personality
127. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question10 (1.0 point)
If an individual has ____________________ then he or she can concentrate over a period of time.
Correct Answer(s):
a. sustained attention
128. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question11 (1.0 point)
The term ____________________ refers to an inability to carry out purposeful sequences of motor behaviors.
Correct Answer(s):
a. apraxia
129. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question12 (1.0 point)
The standard battery approach was pioneered by ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Halstead and Reitan
130. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question13 (1.0 point)
The process approach was developed by ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. Kaplan and Luria
131. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question14 (1.0 point)
A standard score uses ____________________ as its units.
Correct Answer(s):
a. standard deviations
132. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question15 (1.0 point)
A type of deficit measurement is ____________________.
Correct Answer(s):
a. pattern analysis
133. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question T (1.0 point)
A neuropsychological evaluation always lasts for four or more hours.
a. True
*b. False
134. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question16 (1.0 point)
Neuropsychological assessment is integrated with intellectual and personality assessments.
*a. True
b. False
135. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question17 (1.0 point)
A neuropsychological evaluation involves assessment, not recommendation.
a. True
*b. False
136. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question18 (1.0 point)
Psychometrics is concerned with the publication and implementation of psychological and neuropsychological tests.
a. True
*b. False
137. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question19 (1.0 point)
Base rate refers to the frequency with which a pathological condition is diagnosed in the population tested.
*a. True
b. False
138. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question20 (1.0 point)
The ability to copy shapes involves the ability to integrate visual input with complex motor output.
*a. True
b. False
139. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question21 (1.0 point)
Clinical neuropsychologists serve only one function and that is to assess cognitive ability.
a. True
*b. False
140. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question22 (1.0 point)
Neuropsychologists do not evaluate a patient's vocational potential.
a. True
*b. False
141. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question23 (1.0 point)
According to the authors, neuropsychologists only produce recommendations based on a patient's standardized test performance.
a. True
*b. False
142. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question24 (1.0 point)
If a test is unreliable then it cannot be valid.
*a. True
b. False
143. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question25 (1.0 point)
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is used to test an individual's mental flexibility and study abstract behavior.
*a. True
b. False
144. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question26 (1.0 point)
The Tower of London is used to test an individual's logical memory.
a. True
*b. False
145. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question27 (1.0 point)
The goal of a neuropsychologist is to accurately depict current and future capabilities of an individual.
*a. True
b. False
146. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question28 (1.0 point)
According to the process approach, test procedures should never be altered when attempting to determine deficits.
a. True
*b. False
147. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question29 (1.0 point)
The process approach assesses all areas of functioning regardless of impairment.
a. True
*b. False
148. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question M (1.0 point)
A referral question provides information regarding:
a. what questions or problems prompted the referral.
b. what the referral source hopes to obtain from the consult.
c. how the information will be used.
*d. all of these
149. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question30 (1.0 point)
Most neuropsychologists work in:
a. a hospital.
*b. private practice.
c. an academic setting.
d. a rehabilitation unit.
150. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question31 (1.0 point)
What percentage of neuropsychologists work in private practice?
a. 25%
b. 33%
*c. 46%
d. 85%
151. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question32 (1.0 point)
Most neuropsychologists treat:
*a. patients in need of cognitive rehabilitation.
b. patients with progressive neurological problems.
c. patients with dementing disorders.
d. patients with forensic disorders.
152. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question33 (1.0 point)
A standardized test is a task:
*a. that is quantitative.
b. that is qualitative.
c. that assesses beliefs.
d. that assesses personality.
153. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question34 (1.0 point)
Within a medical setting, in which of the following will the neuropsychologist be involved?
a. diagnosis
b. evaluation
c. intervention
*d. all of these
154. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question35 (1.0 point)
The degree to which a sample of items or tasks makes conceptual sense or are representative of some defined psychological domain is:
a. construct validity.
*b. content validity.
c. criterion validity.
d. concurrent validity.
155. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question36 (1.0 point)
When professionals are concerned with correctly classifying diagnostic groups including brain-injured, psychiatric, and normal adults, the type of validity that is of prime concern is called:
a. construct validity.
b. content validity.
*c. criterion validity.
d. concurrent validity.
156. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question37 (1.0 point)
A false positive error is also known as a:
a. type I error.
b. type II error.
c. false alarm.
*d. both a type 1 error and a false alarm.
157. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question38 (1.0 point)
If a neuropsychologist classified a brain damaged individual as a 'normal' individual, he or she would have produced a error called:
*a. a type I error.
b. a type II error.
c. a base rate error.
d. a discrimination error.
158. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question39 (1.0 point)
Achievement tests measure the ability of an individual to:
*a. profit from past experience.
b. profit from future training.
c. profit from educational experiences.
d. adapt to novel situations quickly.
159. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question40 (1.0 point)
Intelligence tests measure the ability of an individual to:
*a. adapt to novel situations quickly.
b. cope with stress.
c. succeed in a specific occupation.
d. profit from past experience.
160. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question41 (1.0 point)
Crystallized functions are thought to be:
a. most important in abstract reasoning.
*b. dependent on learning and education.
c. culture-free.
d. independent of learning.
161. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question42 (1.0 point)
Contextual or logical memory can be assessed:
a. with a graphomotor test.
*b. with a free recall test.
c. with a personality test.
d. with an IQ test.
162. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question43 (1.0 point)
The role of a neuropsychologist in the past was typically that of:
a. rehabilitation specialist.
b. research assistant.
*c. diagnostician.
d. liaison between physician and patient.
163. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question44 (1.0 point)
Which of the following information is necessary when making a neuropsychological referral?
a. inclusion of patient's IQ
*b. how the results will be used
c. how the patient will pay for the neuropsychological evaluation
d. all of these
164. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question45 (1.0 point)
Neuropsychological evaluation plays the major role in the diagnosis of what condition?
a. brain tumor
*b. learning disability
c. multiple sclerosis
d. epilepsy
165. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question46 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is characteristic of the neuropsychological evaluation?
a. Information gained from the neuropsychological evaluation is generally considered independent of data gained from neurology and brain scans.
b. The neuropsychological evaluation is a subjective process.
*c. The neuropsychological evaluation is considered a comprehensive assessment of cognition and behavioral functioning.
d. The neuropsychological evaluation is typically not integrated with intellectual assessment.
166. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question47 (1.0 point)
To increase the breadth of information on a patient, a neuropsychologist may wish to:
*a. administer a wider selection of tests.
b. administer more test measures assessing a particular function.
c. go out in the community and interview friends and family.
d. obtain school records for all years of education.
167. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question48 (1.0 point)
To increase the depth of information on a patient, a neuropsychologist may wish to:
a. administer a wider selection of tests.
*b. administer more test measures assessing a particular function.
c. go out in the community and interview friends and family.
d. obtain school records for all years of education.
168. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question49 (1.0 point)
The levels of analysis of a neuropsychological profile include:
a. localizing signs.
b. qualitative observations.
c. pattern of impairment.
*d. all of these
169. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question50 (1.0 point)
Normative data aids in:
a. comparing individual test scores for a particular patient.
*b. comparing an individual's performance to others'.
c. comparing premorbid functioning to current functioning.
d. comparing education history with current test data.
170. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question51 (1.0 point)
A percentile score indicates:
a. how many standard deviations above/ below other people you are.
b. how many raw score points you are above/ below other people.
*c. the percent of people you are above/ below.
d. the number of tests you scored below the cutoff.
171. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question52 (1.0 point)
The statistical approach is difficult with:
*a. test that are not normally distributed.
b. tests that are given in Spanish.
c. tests that measure one particular area only.
d. the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological approach.
172. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question53 (1.0 point)
Pathognomonic signs are most often used in:
*a. neurology.
b. nephrology.
c. forensic neuropsychology.
d. pediatric neuropsychology.
173. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question54 (1.0 point)
Subject variables influencing performance may be all of the following except:
a. age.
b. education.
*c. hair color.
d. gender.
174. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question55 (1.0 point)
Which approach advocates for administering the same neuropsychological tasks to all patients, regardless of the referral question?
a. the process approach
*b. the standard battery approach
c. pattern analysis
d. the differential score approach
175. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question56 (1.0 point)
Which of the following refers to the intentional presentation of neuropsychological deficits?
a. Pathognomonic signs.
*b. Malingering.
c. Depressive responding.
d. Litigious syndrome.
176. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question57 (1.0 point)
Which is the largest represented patient population seen by neuropsychologists?
a. Psychiatric.
b. Various Dementias.
*c. Rehabilitation.
d. Learning Disabilities.
177. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question58 (1.0 point)
What percentage of neuropsychological evaluations are given for the purpose of diagnosis?
a. 96%
b. 76%
*c. 56%
d. 36%
178. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question59 (1.0 point)
What is a reason that serial neuropsychological evaluations would be given?
a. To provide better care when a patient changes healthcare providers.
*b. To determine if a given patient is improving.
c. To make sure that the first results obtained for a given patient were accurate.
d. To irritate insurance companies.
179. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question60 (1.0 point)
Which of the following would be a valid reason to request a neuropsychological evaluation?
a. to differentiate between a focal versus a diffuse problem
b. to evaluate an individual's vocation potential
c. to assist in the development of a treatment program
*d. all of these
180. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question61 (1.0 point)
Psychometrics is the science of measuring:
a. psychotic symptoms.
*b. human traits or abilities.
c. psychopathology in individuals.
d. focal brain damage in mild brain traumas.
181. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question62 (1.0 point)
Reliability is:
*a. the ability of a test to provide consistent results over multiple administrations to the same individual.
b. the ability of a test to measure what it is purported to measure.
c. the ability of a test to provide similar test findings in individuals with the same neurological injuries, such as mild brain trauma.
d. the ability of a test to prevent false alarms or false positives.
182. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question63 (1.0 point)
Validity is:
a. the ability of a test to provide consistent results over multiple administrations to the same individual.
*b. the ability of a test to measure what it is purported to measure.
c. the ability of a test to provide similar test findings in individuals with the same neurological injuries, such as mild brain trauma.
d. the ability of a test to prevent false alarms or false positives.
183. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question64 (1.0 point)
Construct validity refers to:
a. the ability of a test's findings to relate to a specific outcome.
b. the degree to which a sample of test items represent a psychological domain.
c. the ability of a test to predict future behavior.
*d. the ability of a test to measure an abstract psychological characteristic.
184. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question65 (1.0 point)
Criterion validity refers to:
*a. the ability of a test's findings to relate to a specific outcome.
b. the degree to which a sample of test items represent a psychological domain.
c. the ability of a test to predict future behavior.
d. the ability of a test to measure an abstract psychological characteristic.
185. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question66 (1.0 point)
What is it called when a neuropsychological test incorrectly detects a pathological condition?
a. a false positive
b. a false alarm
c. a Type I error
*d. all of these
186. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question67 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is a test that measures how well an individual has profited by prior learning?
a. intelligence test
b. behavioral-adaptive scale
*c. achievement test
d. personality test
187. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question68 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is a test that measures what an individual usually does in everyday situations?
a. achievement test
b. vocational inventory
c. neuropsychological test
*d. behavioral-adaptive scale
188. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question69 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is believed to be crystallized?
*a. spelling
b. problem solving
c. abstract reasoning
d. attention
189. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question70 (1.0 point)
Assessing orientation includes:
a. testing basic reflexes
*b. asking the patient where they are
c. assessing basic sensation to pain and temperature
d. asking the patient to count backwards from 100
190. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question71 (1.0 point)
Measuring sensation and perception includes assessing:
*a. visual, auditory, and tactile function
b. visual, auditory and memory function
c. auditory, attention, and problem solving function
d. visual functioning only
191. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question72 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is a test of selective and sustained visual attention?
*a. d2
b. COWA
c. GOAT
d. GCS
192. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question73 (1.0 point)
The inability to perform common motor sequences is called:
a. aphasia.
*b. ideomotor apraxia.
c. dyslexia.
d. dysgraphia.
193. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question74 (1.0 point)
Which of the following instruments measures grip strength?
a. finger oscillator
b. WMS
*c. dynamometer
d. GCS
194. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question75 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is the term for a deficit in the motor component of writing?
a. spelling dyspraxia
b. aphasia
*c. dysgraphia
d. dyslexia
195. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question76 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is the term for a deficit in spelling skills?
*a. spelling dyspraxia
b. aphasia
c. dysgraphia
d. dyslexia
196. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question77 (1.0 point)
Tests of visuospatial ability may measure:
a. visual sequencing.
b. facial recognition.
c. spatial orientation.
*d. all of these
197. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question78 (1.0 point)
Which of the following tests are used to measure visuospatial functioning?
a. Trail Making Test
b. Token Test
c. Tower of London
*d. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test
198. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question79 (1.0 point)
Which of the following would be assessed in order to thoroughly evaluate judgment and problem solving?
a. abstract reasoning
b. insight
c. ability to generalize
*d. all of these
199. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question80 (1.0 point)
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test measures:
a. memory.
*b. shifting sets.
c. sustained attention.
d. complex visual scanning.
200. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question81 (1.0 point)
The Tower of London measures:
a. insight.
b. auditory attention.
*c. executive planning.
d. spatial orientation.
201. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question82 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is a role played by neuropsychologists today?
a. rehabilitation
b. evaluation of quality of life
c. evaluation of functional abilities
*d. all of these
202. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question83 (1.0 point)
Which of the following is an advantage of the standard battery approach?
*a. Patients are evaluated for all basic neuropsychological abilities.
b. Minimal time is required when employing this approach.
c. The neuropsychologist has ample time in which to qualitatively evaluate the patient.
d. The evaluation focuses on the most important neuropsychological deficits.
203. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question84 (1.0 point)
Which approach advocates for adapting each neuropsychological evaluation to the individual patient?
*a. process approach
b. standard battery approach
c. pattern analysis
d. differential score approach
204. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question85 (1.0 point)
Which of the following measures interest in various occupations?
*a. vocational inventory
b. personality test
c. achievement test
d. behavioral-adaptive scale
205. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question S (1.0 point)
Briefly describe three reasons a neuropsychological evaluation might be requested.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
206. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question86 (1.0 point)
What are the main differences between intelligence tests, achievement tests, behavioral-adaptive scales, personality tests, and vocational inventories?
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
207. Chapter 3—Neuropsychological Assessment and Diagnosis Question87 (1.0 point)
Describe the current roles of the neuropsychologist.
Correct Answer:
Answer not provided.
CHAPTER TWO
THE RISE OF EMPIRES AND THE BEGINNING OF THE IRON AGE
CHAPTER SUMMARY
As civilizations develop, so does the potential for conflict when culturally different groups, each with particular beliefs, customs, and identities, come in contact. From the early civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia arose the beginnings of the Babylonian and Egyptian empires. In addition, Indo-European peoples made bids for dominance. These various conflicts demand that we consider whether civilization promotes unity or intensifies divisions among peoples. This question is a focal concern of this chapter.
The most notable figure in the Babylonian empire was the man who established it, Hammurabi. His reign was long and successful. Perhaps his greatest achievement, at least in terms of historical significance, was the Code of Hammurabi. This code was thorough and far-reaching in scope. Though Hammurabi’s kingdom fell soon after his death, his influence is evident in every society since that time that has sought to establish a stable set of secular legal standards for living.
About the same time that Hammurabi’s kingdom was thriving, Egypt’s Middle Kingdom was enjoying its peak. During a time of relative stability, the Middle Kingdom was remarkable for its literary productivity. In addition, we have been able to learn much about this time period in Egyptian history by studying the private tombs built for those wealthy enough to afford them. The Middle Kingdom fell as the Hyksos invaded and then ruled Egypt for a little over one hundred years. Egypt regained its glory and reached its peak under the rule of Amenhotep III in the period known as the New Kingdom. The conquests of Thutmose I and Thutmose III greatly expanded Egyptian territory. Amenhotep IV established the cult of Aten, a significant and influential circle of religious individuals. He then moved the capital to Amarna to mark the change. After a period of moderate instability Ramses II restored Egypt to its former glory, moving the capital to Thebes. Much of what is now most visible in Egypt comes from this period. However, soon after Ramses’s rise, the end of the New Kingdom was already in sight. After sacking Babylon, the Hittites battled Egypt to a draw, though the Hittites had established themselves as a self-sufficient community of people. The Hittite empire folded, along with the Egyptian empire, when the Sea Peoples attacked from the north.
The Assyrian empire was built upon and maintained through warfare. The Assyrians’ innovations in military science changed the way armies were formed and battles were fought. Although the Assyrian empire was strong while it thrived, it ultimately fell as the Chaldaeans and Medes joined to sack Nineveh.
Of all the ancient kingdoms, none had a greater influence than the Hebrews, or Israelites. Their worship of a Creator God set them apart from many of the polytheistic societies, and their belief in their status as God’s chosen people shaped their lives. The Torah records the history and beliefs of the Hebrews.
This period of about 600 to 400 B.C.E. has been termed the Axial Age because it gave rise to transformative philosophies and religions in several world regions. The Hebrew faith was part of that profound change.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
A. The Transition States
1. Babylon
Read the document The Code of Hammurabi on myhistorylab.com.
View the image Hammurabi Receives His Law Code from Gods on myhistorylab.com
2. Egypt’s Middle Kingdom (2025–1630 B.C.E., Dynasties XI–XII)
Read the document Mission to Byblos: The Report of Wenamun on myhistorylab.com
3. Second Intermediate Period (1630–1550 B.C.E., Dynasties XIII–XVII)
B. Imperial Egypt: The New Kingdom (1550–1075 B.C.E., Dynasties XVIII–XX)
View the map Egypt in the New Kingdom on myhistorylab.com
1. The Amarna Period
Read the document Ancient Egypt: The Amarna Letters on myhistorylab.com
View the image Egyptian Throne of Tutankhamun on myhistorylab.com
Watch the video Egyptian Throne of Tutankhamun on myhistorylab.com
Watch the video Ramses II’s Abu Simbel on myhistorylab.com
2. Egyptian Society
C. The Indo-Europeans and the Clash of Empires
1. The Hittites
Read the document Hittite Law Code: Excerpts from the Code of Nesilim on myhistorylab.com
2. The Invasion of the Sea Peoples
3. Assyria’s Opportunity
View the map Empires of the Ancient Near East on myhistorylab.com
4. Egypt’s Fading Glory
5. Assyria’s Culmination
D. The Bible and History
1. Sacred Myth and History
Read the document Two Accounts of an Egyptian Famine (2600 B.C.E.) on myhistorylab.com
2. Palestine
View the map Israel and Judah in the Eighth Century on myhistorylab.com
3. The Biblical Faith
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. How did Mesopotamia reorganize in the wake of Sumer’s fall?
2. How did Egyptian civilization change during the period of the New Kingdom?
3. What effect did the Indo-European migration have on the politics of the Middle East?
4. What does the history of the ancient Middle East contribute to an understanding of the Bible?
LECTURE TOPICS
1. Examine the impact and influence of Hammurabi’s Code.
2. Detail the empire-building strategies of the Assyrians and discuss how well these strategies worked to maintain power.
3. Identify the contributions of the Israelites, comparing and contrasting their religious beliefs with those of other empires and societies.
4. Discuss the Hebrews’ view of God and how their monotheism differed from the religious views of the peoples around them.
5. Analyze the attempts by authority to maintain order, comparing the uses of laws, force, and other tools..
CLASS DISCUSSION TOPICS
1. Have students compare the concerns covered by the Code of Hammurabi and the Old Testament laws.
2. Have students discuss the impact that each empire’s beliefs and customs had on the lives of the common people. In addition, as much as possible, students should compare and contrast ancient societies regarding their treatment of women.
3. Have students discuss the various factors, conditions, and events that seem to result in the fall or decline of an empire.
4. Have students compare and contrast biblical history with other historical records and provide explanations for the differences among these records.
5. Have students discuss the strategies and institutions used by authorities to maintain order and uniformity as peoples of diverse backgrounds and customs came together, for example through conquest.
Myhistorylab Connections
Visit www.myhistorylab.com for a customized Study Plan that will help you build your knowledge of The Rise of Empires and the Beginning of the Iron Age.
Questions for Analysis
1. What does the Code of Hammurabi reveal about Babylonian society?
Read the document The Code of Hammurabi
2. How did Ramses II view himself and his legacy?
Watch the video Ramses II's Abu Simbel
3. Based on a comparison of the Code of Nesilim and the Code of Hammurabi, how did the Hittites differ from the Babylonians?
Read the document Hittite Law Code: Excerpts from the Code of Nesilim
4. What were the major empires of the Ancient Near East?
View the map Empires of the Ancient Near East
5. What are the similarities and differences reflected in the two accounts of the Egyptian famine?
Read the document Two Accounts of an Egyptian Famine (2600 B.C.E.)
Other Resources from This Chapter
View the image Hammurabi Receives His Law Code from the Gods
Read the document Mission to Byblos: The Report of Wenamun
View the map Egypt in the New Kingdom
Read the document Ancient Egypt: The Amarna Letters
Watch the video The Temple of Karnak
View the image Egyptian Throne of Tutankhamun
View the map Israel and Judah in the Eighth Century
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