West,The: A Narrative History, Combined Volume, 3/E A. Daniel Frankforter, William M. Spellma solutions manual and test bank
CHAPTER TEN
EUROPE’S HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Multiple Choice
1) The dream of the High Middle Ages’ greatest thinkers was to create comprehensive descriptions of particular topics, which would be known as
A) summae.
B) universitas.
C) dialectic.
D) scholastics.
E) New Logic.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 282
Skill: Factual
Topic: Key Question
2) As a historical era, what defines a renaissance?
A) a surge in cultural advances driven by interest in classical thought
B) a religious revival that strengthens a people’s relationship to the church
C) a scientific push forward that eschews respect for the past
D) a type of intellectual thought without historical precedent
E) a cooperative arrangement between the church and the state
Answer: A
Page Ref: 282
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
3) As an academic title, what is the literal translation of the word doctor?
A) “teacher”
B) “expert”
C) “highest”
D) “healer”
E) “respected”
Answer: A
Page Ref: 287
Skill: Factual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
4) What name was given to the men who worked as teachers at the new schools of the High Middle Ages?
A) Scholastics
B) the Carthusian order
C) mendicants
D) troubadors
E) Gnostics
Answer: A
Page Ref: 287
Skill: Factual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
5) The first mendicant order of friars was started by which Italian?
A) Francis of Assisi
B) Benedict of Nursia
C) Peter Abelard
D) Thomas Aquinas
E) Peter Waldo
Answer: A
Page Ref: 289
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
6) What group of people were the original source of “Arabic” numerals and the concept of zero?
A) Hindus
B) Muslims
C) Africans
D) Greeks
E) Romans
Answer: A
Page Ref: 282
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
7) What type of church design likely evolved from shrines built over the graves of saints?
A) circular
B) rectangular
C) octagonal
D) basilica
E) clerestory
Answer: A
Page Ref: 294
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
8) In the Gothic style, the three key elements are the pointed arch, rib-vaulting, and
A) flying buttresses.
B) concrete piers.
C) massive walls.
D) flat wooden roofs.
E) barrel vaults.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 296
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
9) What best describes the architecture of very early Christianity?
A) There wasn’t any.
B) It was simple and humble.
C) It was designed to glory God.
D) It was in tune with nature.
E) It was futuristic and ground-breaking.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 294
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
10) What was the birthplace of Gothic-style architecture?
A) northern France
B) northern Spain
C) southern Italy
D) southern Greece
E) western Germany
Answer: A
Page Ref: 296
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
11) The most famous advocate of the dialectic method was
A) Peter Abelard.
B) Berengar of Tours.
C) Peter Waldo.
D) Gerbert of Aurillac.
E) John of Salisbury.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 284
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
12) Which thinker was especially admired and emulated by the Scholastics?
A) Aristotle
B) Plato
C) Euclid
D) Socrates
E) Virgil
Answer: A
Page Ref: 287
Skill: Factual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
13) Which scholar, along with Thomas Aquinas, devoted his life to reconciling Aristotle’s insights with Christian doctrine?
A) Albertus Magnus
B) Peter Abelard
C) Francis of Assisi
D) Peter Waldo
E) Dominic de Guzman
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Factual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
14) The emergence of new monastic ideals at the end of the eleventh century was forecast by an order whose members lived in isolated cells, worked with their hands, and practiced rigorous self-denial; they were known as the
A) Carthusians.
B) Franciscans.
C) Cistercians.
D) Benedictines.
E) Dominicans.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
15) William IX of Aquitaine was notable for his
A) patronage of troubadours at his court.
B) victories in the First Crusade.
C) personal piety and devotion to the church.
D) scholastic treatises.
E) invention of the Gothic style.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 290
Skill: Factual
Topic: People in Context
16) What was the name of the heretical group that spread into Western Europe from the Balkans and became the target of a crusade to force them out of France?
A) the Cathars
B) the Cistercians
C) the Benedictines
D) the Dominicans
E) the Waldensians
Answer: A
Page Ref: 291
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
17) Which order focused on preaching, teaching, and combating heresy?
A) the Dominicans
B) the Franciscans
C) the Benedictines
D) the Jesuits
E) the Cistercians
Answer: A
Page Ref: 289
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
18) The English king who spent most of his reign out of his realm, leading the Third Crusade, and being held captive in Germany was
A) Richard I “the Lionhearted.”
B) Philip IV “the Fair.”
C) Frederick I “Barbarossa.”
D) Otto of Brunswick.
E) Henry the Lion.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 299
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
19) Entertainers of the High Middle Ages who wrote and performed lively lyrical poetry and music—primarily about love—were known as
A) troubadours.
B) courtiers.
C) enquêteurs.
D) Parlement.
E) friars.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 290
Skill: Factual
Topic: People in Context
20) Louis IX’s investigators, sent out to audit the accounts of his officials and hear complaints against them, were called
A) enquèteurs.
B) tax farmers.
C) grand jurors.
D) universitas.
E) mendicants.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 301
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
21) In Henry II’s court system, cases were heard and verdicts rendered by
A) petit juries.
B) grand juries.
C) trial juries.
D) royal juries.
E) common juries.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
22) What country was home to the Capetian dynasty?
A) France
B) Italy
C) England
D) Ireland
E) Scotland
Answer: A
Page Ref: 300
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
23) Henry II gained control of much of the Angevin Empire by marrying
A) Eleanor of Aquitaine.
B) Blanche of Castille.
C) the empress Matilda.
D) Clair of Anjou.
E) Hildegard of Bingen.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 297
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
24) Henry II expanded the use of documents that people could purchase to order royal officials to take action on their behalf, known as
A) writs.
B) common laws.
C) petite juries.
D) scutages.
E) vassals.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Factual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
25) A man who embraced the new kind of religious vocation in which he would stay in the workaday world while trying to save souls was known as a
A) friar.
B) monk.
C) scholar.
D) priest.
E) Templar.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 289
Skill: Factual
Topic: Religious Revival and the Diversity of Opinion
26) What allowed the scholars of the High Middle Ages to move forward intellectually?
A) They were no longer constrained by excessive respect for the authority of the past.
B) They were no longer in any way connected to the church or organized religion.
C) They were so confident as to consider themselves equal to the great minds of the ancient world.
D) They had full economic support of the church and various powerful monarchies.
E) A flood of inventions made scientific investigation easier and more accurate.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 281
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Key Question
27) The medieval university’s system of moving from degree to degree by demonstrating mastery most closely resembled what other system?
A) a guild of craftsmen
B) the ranks of Catholic clergy
C) ranks in feudal society
D) town government
E) an ancient Greek school
Answer: A
Page Ref: 287
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
28) What skeptical argument against transubstantiation was offered by Berengar of Tours?
A) People could not distinguish between consecrated and unconsecrated bread and wine.
B) Since God did not exist, there was no way that transubstantiation could occur.
C) God operated in a “hands-off” manner and did not perform acts such as transubstantiation.
D) It was sacrilegious to suggest that one could be consuming the body and blood of Christ.
E) Bread is bread and wine is wine and nothing can change that, not even God.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 283
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
29) What was the basic premise of Old Logic?
A) Truth needs the support of nothing beyond itself if logically analyzed.
B) Something is the truth if it has enough support from authority figures.
C) Although it is noble to try to find it, truth is beyond human reach.
D) The truth can be discovered through enough prayer and Bible study.
E) The truth of the world was discovered long ago and can be found in ancient texts.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 283
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
30) How did friars differ from earlier medieval monks?
A) Friars worked in the world, while monks withdrew from the world.
B) Friars practiced a more mystical religion than the strictly logical monks.
C) Friars were well educated, while most monks were illiterate.
D) Friars were all male, while either men or women could be monks.
E) Friars accumulated great personal wealth, while most monks were poor.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 289
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
31) According to Abbot Suger, what was the purpose of his new Gothic church at St. Denis?
A) to maximize the light of God’s intellectual and spiritual presence
B) to resist the rain and snow of northern France
C) to show off the great wealth of the Cistercian order
D) to give the relics of the saints of France an impressive home
E) to provide space for as many worshippers as possible
Answer: A
Page Ref: 295
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
32) As a collective, why did a universitas have considerable leverage in negotiations with local leaders?
A) Its students were a source of income for a town.
B) It had the blessing and endorsement of the church.
C) It had the backing of the local citizenry.
D) The town required the wisdom of its students.
E) Students were feared by the citizens and leaders.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 286
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
33) How did the pointed or broken Gothic arch make it possible to escape the limitations of the Romanesque style?
A) A pointed arch could be higher than its width.
B) Churches could be longer than they were wide.
C) Smaller Gothic churches were cheaper to build than Romanesque churches.
D) Gothic architecture had a comforting solidity that the Romanesque lacked.
E) Churches now more closely resembled classical temples.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 295
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
34) Why would Edward I have maintained Parliament, which had started out as an assembly that was potentially treasonous?
A) He found it expedient for getting money from the property-owning classes.
B) He was able to keep a close eye on the nobles in Parliament.
C) He could quickly identify his enemies by seeing who attended.
D) He extended his control over the nobles by making them come at his call.
E) Parliament gave the common people a voice in government.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 300
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
35) What was entailed in a professor’s glossing of a text?
A) The professor read a passage from a book and then commented on it extensively.
B) The professor skimmed over the text to locate and study the essential arguments alone.
C) The professor read a book enough times so that they would have it memorized.
D) The professor had his class read the text to him and explain it by themselves.
E) The professor invited a member of the clergy to help explain the text to the class.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 286
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
36) The conflict between Henry II and Thomas Becket highlighted what issue in medieval Europe?
A) conflicts over authority between church and state
B) the problem of incorporating towns in medieval society
C) the Nominalist-Realist debate
D) whether dynasties could pass through the female line
E) whether kings should rely on Parliaments for money and advice
Answer: A
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
37) Henry II’s system of common law juries was most useful for resolving
A) local property disputes.
B) criminal cases.
C) cases of national significance.
D) cases of witchcraft and heresy.
E) conflicts between church law and common law.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 298
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
38) Although he was branded a heretic, Peter Waldo’s call for believers to live a simple, Christ-like life, resembled the teachings of
A) Francis of Assisi.
B) Dominic de Guzman.
C) Bernard of Chartres.
D) Gelbert of Aurillac.
E) Peter Lombard.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 291
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
39) The tensions between the physical world and the mysteries of the Christian faith were reflected in
A) Gothic architecture.
B) the design of a classical temple.
C) Romanesque architecture.
D) the layout of a basilican church.
E) the fortresses of the early Middle Ages.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 296-297
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
40) The lure of what subject drew Christian European scholars to Muslim libraries?
A) science
B) theology
C) philosophy
D) literature
E) art
Answer: A
Page Ref: 282
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
41) What did Thomas Aquinas think about the relationship between reason and faith?
A) He believed that they could be used together to understand reality.
B) He believed that while both are important, they must be used separately.
C) He believed that faith alone could provide one with the truth.
D) He believed that reason alone was necessary to reach the truth.
E) He believed that humans were too frail to understand reason or faith.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
42) In the study of dialectic, what unfortunate theological implication did realism present?
A) It led to pantheism.
B) It led to polytheism.
C) It led to atheism.
D) It led to moral relativism.
E) It led to agnosticism.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 284
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
43) What was the ultimate end of Frederick II’s brilliant reign and many accomplishments?
A) His enemies wiped out his dynasty and undid most of his work after this death.
B) Germany was united under a strong monarchy.
C) He was the first man elected both pope and emperor.
D) Italy and Germany were united as a single state.
E) The pope awarded him the title of “defender of the faith.”
Answer: A
Page Ref: 303
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
44) The relationship between Heloise and Peter Abelard is a reminder that
A) even brilliant women could not attend the formal schools in Paris.
B) high-class women could violate social customs without punishment.
C) medieval women were more esteemed for their piety than their learning.
D) the rules of courtly love freed women from social conventions.
E) the medieval student could surpass the teacher, even if the student was a woman.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 284
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
45) What problem of medieval government was reflected by an issue faced by both England’s Henry II and John?
A) Papal excommunication could force a king to change policies.
B) England’s small population could not support an organized state.
C) Baronial revolts could force a king from the throne.
D) A king could not reign without popular support.
E) A kingdom could not be governed by a king who left the realm.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 303
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
46) What aspect of the work of Francis of Assisi did the church moderate?
A) the giving away of all of one’s possessions and trusting God to meet one’s needs
B) the traveling throughout Europe to preach
C) the connecting with people in the everyday world outside of a monastery
D) the preaching of sermons that were contradictory to those of the parish priests
E) the discussing of Scripture from a logical rather than an emotional standpoint
Answer: A
Page Ref: 289
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and the Diversity of Opinion
47) The pope called for a crusade to root out the Cathars because they
A) had attracted a large following and the pope believed they were heretics.
B) had refused to support the pope’s efforts to spread Christianity in Africa.
C) were secretive and reclusive and the pope felt they were suspicious.
D) rejected the spiritual aspect of mankind.
E) had become too powerful in northern France.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 292
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and the Diversity of Opinion
48) The cool, dark interiors of Romanesque churches appealed to people in Italy, Spain, and southern France because they
A) provided an escape from the hot, sunny climates found in those areas.
B) were easier to build and required fewer resources than Gothic churches.
C) could be lit easily because of the large banks of windows in their walls.
D) attracted intellectuals from all over Europe to conduct lectures.
E) the gloom was considered symbolic of the mysteries of the faith.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 294-295
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
49) The greatest impact of the cult of courtly love was that it
A) turned crude warriors into cultivated gentlemen.
B) undermined the status of medieval women.
C) spread Latin literacy among the lower classes.
D) led men and women to join mendicant orders.
E) emphasized the power of reason over the emotions.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 291
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
50) Hildegard of Bingen was held in high regard because she
A) was a talented, intelligent woman.
B) was the mother of the heir to the German throne.
C) was a Franciscan scholar.
D) believed that human reason was suspect.
E) devised the concept of common law.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 292
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
51) What is the best way to describe the relationship that the Catholic Church of the High Middle Ages had with Aristotle’s work?
A) While at first hostile, the church came to appreciate his writings as being compatible with Scripture.
B) The church was suspicious and hostile towards Aristotle’s work and never changed their minds on the subject.
C) While at first accepting of Aristotle’s writings, the church came to be suspicious and hostile towards them.
D) The church immediately sensed the compatibility of Aristotle’s writings with Scripture and worked to encourage it.
E) Although they had a mixed emotional response to Aristotle’s writings, the church endorsed him nonetheless.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Analytical
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
52) Why does the architecture of the churches of the High Middle Ages continue to influence church design to this very day?
A) The design perfectly captured the essence and feeling of Christianity’s transcendent faith.
B) The design was aesthetically pleasing in a way that no one has been able to surpass.
C) The design was so economical and efficient that there was no reason to try to change it.
D) The design was so sturdy that many of the churches still stand and serve as inspiration.
E) The design was officially consecrated by the Catholic Church and remains so to this day,
Answer: A
Page Ref: 293
Skill: Analytical
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
53) The lives of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Blanche of Castile demonstrate that
A) medieval women could influence politics through their husbands and sons.
B) convent life was the only satisfying outlet for medieval women of talent.
C) women played a leading role in the scholastic movement.
D) queens were often more effective rulers than kings.
E) opportunities for women steadily decreased during the Middle Ages.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 297, 301
Skill: Analytical
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
54) Medieval Nominalists and Realists arguing over the meaning of classes of things and individual things were continuing a philosophical debate begun by
A) Plato and Aristotle.
B) Boethius and Cassiodorus.
C) Constantine the African and Adelard of Bath.
D) Cicero and Virgil.
E) John of Salisbury and Bernard of Chartres.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 288
Skill: Analytical
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
55) Events in Germany and England following the deaths of their rulers Henry IV and John respectively show that
A) stable medieval government depended on the ruler leaving a capable adult heir.
B) the loyalty of the nobility usually prevented dynastic problems.
C) European monarchy had become institutional rather than personal.
D) no European king could rule without support from the pope.
E) the German and English nobles had been tamed and could no longer threaten the throne.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 299-300, 303
Skill: Analytical
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
Short Answer
56. What skill did Gerbert of Aurillac emphasize in the educational curriculum of the High Middle Ages?
Answer: dialectic
Page Ref: 283
Topic: The Renaissance of the High Middle Ages
57. Mysticism is an experience with God that transcends
Answer: reason and understanding.
Page Ref: 292
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
58. After Henry II changed the way in which clergy were charged for crimes, who eventually excommunicated some royal officials, enraging the king?
Answer: Thomas Becket
Page Ref: 298
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
59. What group served as educators who were trained to preach and supplement the limited religious instruction and pastoral care the laity received from parish priests?
Answer: the Dominican Order
Page Ref: 291
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
60. The Hohenstaufen dynasty was unsuccessful in forming a Roman Empire due to political and
Answer: religious conflicts.
Page Ref: 304
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
Essay
61. Why are some societies more open to change than others?
Page Ref: 282
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
62. What common problems did the French and English monarchies struggle to overcome during the High Middle Ages?
Page Ref: 297-302
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
63. Compare and contrast the Romanesque and Gothic styles and explain the significance of the development of church architecture in terms of its ability to express the religious faith of the people.
Page Ref: 294-297
Topic: The Artistic Vision of the High Middle Ages
64. Why did medieval Germany fail to become a unified state with an effective monarchy?
Page Ref: 302-304
Topic: The Nation-States of the High Middle Ages
65. How did the mendicant movement reflect changes in medieval society and present solutions to problems the monastic movement did not address?
Page Ref: 288-289
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
66. What were the basic assumptions and tools of the scholastic method? How did the scholastic “New Logic” contrast with the early medieval “Old Logic.?.
Page Ref: 287-288
Topic: The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century
67. Why did Francis of Assisi found a successful order of friars while Peter Waldo was condemned as a heretic??
Page Ref: 289, 291
Topic: Religious Revival and Diversity of Opinion
68. Why was William IX of Aquitaine considered a model of troubadour culture? What impact did that culture have on medieval Europe?
Page Ref: 290
Topic: People in Context
69. How did Thomas Aquinas reconcile Aristotle with Christian doctrine? Did all intellectuals support his accomplishments?
Page Ref: 288
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
70. Describe some of the features of medieval universities that still influence modern universities.
Page Ref: 287
Topic: Universities and Scholasticism
71. dialectic
72. universitas
73. Scholasticism
74. Dominicans
75. mysticism
76. Romanesque
77. Gothic
78. Thomas Becket
79. Hohenstaufen dynasty
80. Stupor Mundi
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