Chemistry in Context by American Chemical Society- 8e, test bank 007352297x

American chemical society - chemistry in context - 8e, test bank 007352297x

Chemistry in Context by American Chemical Society- 8e, test bank 007352297x

ch2 Key

1.	How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in a neutral atom of  ? A. A B. B C. C D. D Remember that the mass is protons plus neutrons while protons must equal electrons for a neutral atom.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #1 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Mass Subtopic: Atomic Symbol Topic: Components of Matter

2.	Which color in the rainbow has the shortest wavelength?   A. orange B. red C. yellow D. blue Remember ROY G. BIV to help with the colors from red (longest wavelength) to violet (shortest wavelength)

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #2 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

3.	The wavelength of light in the visible range is  A. about the size of an atom of carbon. B. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and a virus. C. about the diameter of a CD. D. intermediate between the size of an animal cell and the diameter of a CD.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #3 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

4.

Which is correct?   A. Ozone forms by combining an oxygen atom with an oxygen molecule. B. There is a dynamic steady state of ozone in the stratosphere. C. UV radiation will dissociate ozone into an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule. D. All of these choices are correct. See fig 2.10 for a visual description of ozone's chemical cycling.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #4 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Environmental Chemistry

5.

Which statement is correct?   A. UV-A is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. B. UV-B is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. C. UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light. D. UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C are equally energetic. See Table 2.4. Remember that UV-A has the longest wavelength while UV-C has the shortest wavelength

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #5 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

6.	During the Antarctic spring, ozone is destroyed at a greater rate than it is formed   A. on the surface of atmospheric ice crystals. B. in a process that is catalytic. C. in polar stratospheric clouds. D. All of these choices are correct. Think about the whole process. Is there more than one step?

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #6 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Environmental Chemistry

7.

The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to   A. reduce the amount of new production of chlorofluorocarbons in developed countries. B. recycle existing chlorofluorocarbons rather than release them into the air. C. encourage research into substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons. D. All of these choices are correct. The Montreal Protocol had more than one goal.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #7 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.11 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

8.	HFCs may be used to replace CFCs. Which compound is a HFC?   A. CH2ClCCl2F B. CH2FCl C. CF3CH2F D. CHClF2 HFCs contain hydrogen in addition to Cl and F

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #8 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.12 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Environmental Chemistry

9.

The speed of light in air   A. depends only on the frequency of the light. B. depends only on the wavelength of light. C. is independent of the wavelength and frequency of light. D. depends on both the wavelength and the frequency of light. Remember that light can travel in vacuum and is a constant.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #9 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

10.

DNA, the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the   A. visible region of the spectrum. B. ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm. C. ultraviolet region, especially above a wavelength of 340 nm. D. infrared region of the spectrum. Damage by EM radiation usually occurs to structure that are of the same size as the wavelength of the radiation.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #10 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.07 Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

11.	The ozone hole is most prominent on the Earth over   A. North America. B. Europe. C. Africa. D. Antarctica. Ozone is only destroyed over the Antarctic and the hole does not move far from its origin.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #11 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

12.

Which contributes to the ozone hole?   A. automobile exhaust B. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) C. loss of Northern forests D. All of these choices are correct. Only CFCs contain chlorine, which acts as a catalyst for ozone destruction. The others are environmental concerns, but don't contribute to the ozone hole.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #12 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.09 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

13.	Ozone in our atmosphere is important because it   A. absorbs some UV radiation. B. helps trees grow. C. reacts with excess CO2. D. reflects IR radiation. Remember that the ozone layer protects from sunburn, which is caused by exposure to UV radiation

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #13 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.01 Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

14.	Wavelength is the   A. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second. B. height of the wave. C. distance between successive peaks in a wave. D. distance between a peak of one wave and the next trough. See fig. 2.5

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #14 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

15.

The structure of ozone most closely resembles a   A. linear molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds, for example, . B. linear molecule with the same length of chemical bonds, for example, . C. bent molecule with different lengths of chemical bonds, for example, . D. bent molecule with the same length of chemical bonds, for example, . Remember the effects of lone pairs that repel each other and force the molecule into a bent shape.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #15 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.01 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Chemical Bonding Topic: Environmental Chemistry Topic: Study of Chemistry

16.	The correct Lewis structure for HCl is:   A. B. C. D. All atoms must have an octet but hydrogen may only have two electrons.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #16 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Lewis Dot Symbols Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Chemical Bonding

17.

As the ozone hole gets more pronounced, with time, one expects the incidence of skin cancer to   A. decrease worldwide. B. increase worldwide. C. increase in the northern hemisphere and decrease in the southern hemisphere. D. decrease in the northern hemisphere and decrease in the northern hemisphere. Remember that ozone blocks UV radiation which causes skin damage.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #17 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Environmental Chemistry

18.	The Montreal protocol is a   A. treaty to protect against global warming. B. treaty to reduce the amount of CFCs produced in the world. C. list of substitutes for CFCs. D. way to destroy CFCs in the stratosphere. Remember that this treaty is about repairing the ozone hole.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #18 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.11 Section: 02.12 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

19.

What is the relationship between stratospheric levels of atomic chlorine and ozone?   A. As chlorine increases, ozone increases. B. As chlorine increases, ozone decreases. C. As chlorine changes, the effect on the ozone level is unpredictable. D. As chlorine changes, there is no effect of the ozone level. Remember that chlorine works to destroy ozone.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #19 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.11 Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Study of Chemistry

20.	In the periodic table, which elements typically have similar properties?   A. those in the same rows B. those related diagonally C. those in the same columns D. those on opposite sides Groups are those with similar properties.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #20 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Subtopic: The Periodic Table Topic: Components of Matter

21.	In Earth's atmosphere, where is the ozone layer? A. troposphere B. biosphere C. mesosphere D. stratosphere Remember that our protective layer of ozone is "up high".

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #21 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.01 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

22.	The nucleus of an atom contains   A. electrons and protons only. B. protons only. C. electrons, protons, and neutrons. D. protons and neutrons only. Remember that the massive particles are in the nucleus while the electrons orbit around the outside.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #22 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Structure Topic: Components of Matter

23.	What distinguishes the atoms of one element from another?   A. the number of neutrons B. the number of protons plus neutrons C. the number of protons D. the number of neutrons plus electrons Remember that the number of protons is the atomic number and that defines who the element is.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #23 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Number Subtopic: Atomic Symbol Topic: Study of Chemistry

24.	When it reaches its largest size, the ozone hole over the Antarctic is   A. about as large as North America. B. about the same size as France. C. smaller than Iceland. D. about the same size as Canada. The ozone hole is quite large at its largest.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #24 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.01 Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

25.

Elements in the same column of the periodic table in the Groups labeled A tend to have similar chemical and physical properties because they have the same number of   A. outer (valence) electrons. B. protons. C. protons plus electrons. D. protons plus neutrons. Every element has its own unique number of protons and electrons, so it must be the outer electrons that make those in the same group similar.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #25 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: The Periodic Table Topic: Study of Chemistry

26.	Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______, but different numbers of ______.   A. electrons; protons B. protons; neutrons C. neutrons; protons D. protons; electrons Each element is defined by its number of protons, but isotopes have different masses.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #26 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Mass Subtopic: Isotopes Subtopic: The Periodic Table Topic: Study of Chemistry

27.	When only one pair of shared electrons is involved in a covalent bond, the linkage is called a ______ bond.   A. triple B. single C. double D. resonant Two shared electrons form a bond.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #27 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Covalent Bonding Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Chemical Bonding

28.	The atomic number is the   A. same as the mass number of an atom. B. number of protons in a nucleus. C. number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. D. number of neutrons in a nucleus. The protons define the element.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #28 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Number Topic: Study of Chemistry

29.	How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in the neutral atom of  ? A. A B. B C. C D. D Remember that the mass is protons plus neutrons while protons must equal electrons for a neutral atom.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #29 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Mass Subtopic: Atomic Number Subtopic: Atomic Symbol Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Isotopes Topic: Study of Chemistry

30.	Increasing wavelength of light goes in this order:   A. ultraviolet > visible > infrared. B. visible > infrared > ultraviolet. C. infrared > visible > ultraviolet. D. ultraviolet > infrared > visible. See Fig 2.7 for info on the wavelength of different forms of electromagnetic radiation.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #30 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

31.

The wavelength of light in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum is   A. smaller than a virus. B. intermediate between the size of a bacterial cell and a virus. C. about the size of a bacterial cell. D. larger than either a bacterial cell or a virus. See fig 2.7 for information on the relationship between wavelengths and everyday items.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #31 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

32.	Which is one of the Lewis structures for ozone?   A. B. C. D. The total number of electrons that must be used is 18 while each atom needs an octet around it.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #32 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Lewis Dot Symbols Topic: Chemical Bonding

33.

Stratospheric ozone is destroyed and formed at the same rate   A. above the equator. B. above the Antarctic in its early spring. C. above the Antarctic in its early fall. D. above the equator and above the Antarctic in its early fall. Remember that it is the Antarctic spring that leads to ozone destruction

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #33 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Environmental Chemistry

34.

The mass number of an isotope of an element is the   A. sum of the number of its protons and electrons. B. number of its protons. C. sum of the number of its protons and neutrons. D. sum of the number of its protons, neutrons, and electrons. Remember that electrons are not included in the total mass of an atom.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #34 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Atomic Mass Subtopic: Isotopes Subtopic: Mass Number Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

35.	It is the _____ electrons that account for many of the chemical and physical properties of elements.   A. innermost B. intermediate C. outermost D. transitional These are the valence electrons and those must be on the outside.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #35 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: The Periodic Table Subtopic: Valence Electrons Topic: Study of Chemistry

36.	Single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds   A. have 1, 2, and 3 shared electrons, respectively. B. have 2, 4, and 6 shared electrons, respectively. C. have 3, 6, and 9 shared electrons, respectively. D. are only possible between carbon atoms. Two electrons make one bond

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #36 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Covalent Bonding Topic: Study of Chemistry

37.	Light behaves like   A. a particle. B. a wave. C. both a particle and a wave. D. neither a particle nor a wave. Remember wave/particle duality

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #37 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.05 Subtopic: Quanta Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

38.	The "ozone layer" is found   A. only around the equator. B. in the troposphere. C. in the stratosphere. D. in the mesosphere. Good ozone is found high in the atmosphere

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #38 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.01 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

39.	In reference to waves, frequency is the   A. number of waves passing a fixed point in one second. B. height of the wave. C. distance between successive peaks in a wave. D. distance between a peak in a wave to the next trough. Think about how many waves instead of the size of the waves

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #39 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

40.	The two chemical bonds and geometry of water are best represented by:   A. B. C. D. Water has two equal bonds and has two lone pairs of electrons on the central oxygen

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #40 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Covalent Bonding Topic: Chemical Bonding

41.

Which is/are part of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere? I. Ozone is removed by its reaction with water vapor. II. Ozone is removed by an interaction with UV radiation. III. Ozone reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules. A. I only B. II only C. I, II and III D. II and III only This cycle is about the interaction of oxygen and UV only.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #41 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

42.	Free radicals are   A. highly reactive chemical species. B. species with unpaired electrons. C. species such as H• and •OH. D. All of these correctly describe free radicals. Look at the other answers as well

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #42 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atomic Symbol Topic: Study of Chemistry

43.

Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and   A. react directly with stratospheric ozone to destroy it. B. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone. C. interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that react with oxygen to create ozone. D. react with free radicals to remove carbon dioxide. Think about the complex process that leads to ozone destruction.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #43 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.09 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

44.	Decreased stratospheric ozone concentrations may lead to   A. increased incidences of melanomas. B. harm to young marine life. C. an increased occurrence of cataracts. D. All of these choices are correct. There are more biological effects.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #44 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.01 Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

45.	Two isotopes of a particular element differ from one another by the number of   A. neutrons. B. protons. C. protons, neutrons, and electrons. D. protons plus electrons. Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #45 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Isotopes Topic: Components of Matter

46.	The chemical properties of the elements are chiefly due to the number   A. of protons. B. and distribution of the outer electrons. C. and distribution of the inner electrons. D. and distribution of the neutrons. The outer (valence) electrons are those doing the business.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #46 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.02 Subtopic: Valence Electrons Topic: Components of Matter

47.	Results of the Montreal protocol include   A. greatly reduced production of CFCs. B. increased production of alternatives to CFCs. C. recycling of CFCs. D. All of these choices are correct. Look for more successes of this agreement.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #47 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

48.	Halons differ from CFCs in that the atoms of ______ replace some ______ atoms.   A. iodine; chlorine B. hydrogen; chlorine C. bromine; chlorine D. silicon; carbon There is another halogen that is similar to chloride, but not as large as iodine

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #48 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Environmental Chemistry

49.	Yellow light has a wavelength of 580 nm. What is the frequency of this light?   A. 2.39 × 10¯19 s¯1 B. 1.80 × 10¯7 s¯1 C. 5.17 × 105 s¯1 D. 5.17 × 1014 s¯1 remember that wavelength is in meters and c = 3.0 x 108 m/s

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #49 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

50.	WUKF FM transmits at 93.5 MHz. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation that carries the station's signal?   A. 6.42 × 10¯9 m B. 3.21 m C. 3.21 × 106 m D. 3.12 × 1015 m bad media  remember that wavelength is in meters and c = 3.0 x 108 m/s

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #50 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Quanta Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

51.	UV-B radiation has a frequency of approximately 1017 s¯1. What is the energy of a photon of this light?   A. 1.99 × 10¯42 J B. 6.63 × 10¯17 J C. 4.19 × 108 J D. 1.51 × 1050 J where h = 6.626 x 10-34 Js

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #51 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.05 Subtopic: Quanta Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

52.	Which region of the ultraviolet spectrum is absorbed least by the atmosphere?   A. UV-A B. UV-B C. UV-C D. They are all absorbed approximately equally. The more energetic wavelengths are absorbed by oxygen gas and ozone molecules.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #52 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.06 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

53.	From 1974 to 2002, the chance that a white male would be diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer rose by A. 18%. B. 31%. C. 100%. D. 225%. Percent is now divided by then times 100%

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #53 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.04 Section: 02.10 Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

54.

In the Chapman cycle, ozone formation depends upon a sufficient concentration of oxygen atoms. Which step in the Chapman cycle produces oxygen atoms?   A. absorption of light (λ ≤ 320 nm) by ozone molecules B. absorption of light (λ ≤ 320 nm) by oxygen molecules C. absorption of light (λ ≤ 242 nm) by ozone molecules D. absorption of light (λ ≤ 242 nm) by oxygen molecules See fig 2.10 for a visual representation of the Chapman cycle.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #54 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.06 Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

55.	By approximately what percentage did global production of CFCs fall from 1987 to 2000? A. 13% B. 44% C. 88% D. 1100% Take the amount now divided by the amount then times 100%

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #55 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.09 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

56.	Which product of the ultraviolet decomposition of CFCs acts as the catalyst for ozone decomposition?   A. oxygen atoms B. chlorine atoms C. fluorine atoms D. hydrogen atoms Remember which of the halogens interacts to destroy ozone

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #56 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.09 Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Chemical Reactions Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation Topic: Environmental Chemistry

57.

HCFCs have been developed to replace CFCs as refrigerants. Which property of these new compounds makes them environmentally superior to CFCs?   A. Greater reactivity leads to decomposition at elevations below the stratospheric ozone concentration maximum. B. Lower reactivity makes them stable even in the intense ultraviolet light in the stratosphere. C. Their higher molecular weight prevents them from reaching the stratosphere. D. They do not contain chlorine. It is the stable compounds of chlorine that caused the ozone hole in the first place.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #57 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.11 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Environmental Chemistry

58.	HCFCs are a temporary solution to the problem of ozone depletion and will be replaced over the next 20 years by which class of compounds?   A. HFCs B. CFCs C. halons D. HFBCs Read section 2.11

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #58 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.11 Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Subtopic: Nomenclature Topic: Environmental Chemistry

59.	Which Lewis structure for formaldehyde (CH2O) is correct? A. A B. B C. C D. D Only 12 valence electrons are distributed around the atoms. You must use them all.

American - Chapter 02 Chapter - Chapter 02 #59 Difficulty: Hard Section: 02.03 Subtopic: Covalent Bonding Subtopic: Lewis Dot Symbols Topic: Chemical Bonding

60.	Why are HFCs environmentally superior to the currently used HCFCs?   A. HFCs are not flammable. B. HFCs do not contain chlorine. C. HFCs are lighter and may be transported more easily. D. HFCs are less reactive than HCFCs. Remember that chlorine destroys ozone

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #60 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.11 Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Chemical Bonding Topic: Environmental Chemistry

61.	CFCs were originally developed to replace which refrigerant compound(s)?   A. ice B. HCFCs C. ammonia and sulfur dioxide D. propane

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #61 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

62.

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in a neutral atom of 64Cu (atomic number = 29)? A. Protons = 64, neutrons = 29, electrons = 29 B. Protons = 35, neutrons = 29, electrons = 35 C. Protons = 29, neutrons = 64, electrons = 35 D. Protons = 29, neutrons = 35, electrons = 29 Remember that the mass is protons plus neutrons while protons must equal electrons for a neutral atom.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #62 Difficulty: Medium Subtopic: Atomic Mass Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Mass Number Topic: Components of Matter

63.

The O2 molecule breaks apart at lower wavelengths than the O3 molecule. What is the main reason for this? (Hint: Draw the Lewis structures)   A. O2 is more reactive than O3 B. O3 is more reactive than O2 C. The average bond in O3 is shorter and stronger than that of O2 D. The average bond in O2 is shorter and stronger than that of O3 Remember that multiple bonds are shorter and stronger than their single counterparts.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #63 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.03 Section: 02.04 Section: 02.05 Subtopic: Covalent Bonding Topic: Chemical Bonding Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

64.	Which of the following compounds is useful for putting out fires and does not deplete stratospheric ozone concentrations?   A. Halon-1211 B. CFC-113 C. HFCs D. Methyl Bromide

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #64 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.11 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Subtopic: Chemical Formulas Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Environmental Chemistry

65.	Why are HFCs inappropriate for long-term replacement of CFCs?   A. They are flammable. B. They are very toxic. C. They absorb infrared radiation. D. They are an appropriate replacement. Global warming potential must be considered

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #65 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

66.	In what year will all production and importation of HCFCs end in the United States?   A. 2012 B. 2020 C. 2030 D. 2015

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #66 Difficulty: Easy Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

67.

What is the role of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) on the destruction of ozone?   A. The cold clouds react with ozone to make oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms. B. Chemical reactions occur on the clouds that convert molecules that do no damage to those that deplete ozone. C. They play no role. D. The clouds are made of chlorine atoms from CFCs. Remember that PSCs only form in the Antarctic and that is where the ozone hole exists

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 3. Apply Chapter - Chapter 02 #67 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.08 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

68.

What is special about the South Pole versus the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the south Pole?   A. Ozone molecules are broken up by magnetic forces at the South Pole. B. The atmosphere is colder at the North Pole than at the South Pole. C. Polar stratospheric clouds form almost exclusively at the South Pole. D. There is more land mass at the South Pole than at the North Pole. Remember that PSCs only form in the Antarctic and that is where the ozone hole exists

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #68 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.08 Section: 02.10 Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry Topic: Environmental Chemistry

69.

Arrange these types of radiation in order of increasing energy per photon: gamma rays, infrared radiation, radio waves, visible light, UV (ultra violet)   A. radio waves<visible light<UV <infrared radiation<gamma rays B. radio waves< infrared radiation<visible light< UV<gamma rays C. infrared radiation<radio waves<visible light < UV<gamma rays D. gamma rays< infrared radiation<UV<radio waves< visible light See fig. 2.7

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #69 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

70.	Which of the following is most biologically damaging type of radiation?   A. UV-A B. UV-B C. UV-C D. Infrared Remember that UV-C is the most energetic while UV-A is the least energetic

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 1. Remember Chapter - Chapter 02 #70 Difficulty: Easy Section: 02.04 Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

71.

The morning newspaper reports a UV Index Forecast of 6.5. What precautions, if any should a fair skinned person take?   A. None. B. Only sunglasses and maybe a hat is enough. C. Reduce exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. in addition to SPF 15+ sunscreen. D. All precautions must be taken; this is an extreme UV day. Remember that higher numbers mean higher exposure with 10-11 being the most extreme.

American - Chapter 02 Blooms Level: 2. Understand Chapter - Chapter 02 #71 Difficulty: Medium Section: 02.06 Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation

ch2 Summary

Category	# of Questions
American - Chapter 02	71
Blooms Level: 1. Remember	16
Blooms Level: 2. Understand	42
Blooms Level: 3. Apply	12
Chapter - Chapter 02	71
Difficulty: Easy	23
Difficulty: Hard	10
Difficulty: Medium	38
Section: 02.01	6
Section: 02.02	12
Section: 02.03	8
Section: 02.04	14
Section: 02.05	3
Section: 02.06	9
Section: 02.07	1
Section: 02.08	7
Section: 02.09	4
Section: 02.10	7
Section: 02.11	7
Section: 02.12	2
Subtopic: Atmospheric Chemistry	29
Subtopic: Atomic Mass	5
Subtopic: Atomic Number	3
Subtopic: Atomic Structure	1
Subtopic: Atomic Symbol	4
Subtopic: Chemical Formulas	7
Subtopic: Covalent Bonding	5
Subtopic: Elements	3
Subtopic: Isotopes	4
Subtopic: Lewis Dot Symbols	3
Subtopic: Mass Number	2
Subtopic: Molecules	2
Subtopic: Nomenclature	1
Subtopic: Quanta	3
Subtopic: The Periodic Table	4
Subtopic: Types of EM Radiation	6
Subtopic: Valence Electrons	2
Subtopic: Wavelength, Frequency	9
Topic: Chemical Bonding	8
Topic: Chemical Reactions	7
Topic: Components of Matter	8
Topic: Electromagnetic Radiation	23
Topic: Environmental Chemistry	34
Topic: Study of Chemistry	11